The spelling of the word "historic preservation" is relatively straightforward, with its first syllable pronounced as either /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ or /hɪsˈtɒrɪk/. Both pronunciations are acceptable, with the former being more commonly used in British English and the latter in American English. The second syllable is stressed and pronounced as /ˌprɛzəˈveɪʃən/, with the "s" followed by a schwa sound and the "v" and "sh" sounds blending into one another. Overall, the word refers to the protection and maintenance of historic buildings, landmarks, and other cultural heritage sites.
Historic preservation refers to the deliberate and systematic process of safeguarding and protecting significant built structures, landmarks, sites, and cultural artifacts of historical, cultural, architectural, or social importance from deterioration, destruction, or loss. It is a multifaceted discipline with the aim of ensuring that the historical value, significance, and integrity of such resources are conserved for present and future generations.
The practice of historic preservation involves various activities, including documentation, research, assessment, restoration, rehabilitation, and adaptive reuse. Through meticulous documentation, accurate accounts of historical buildings, areas, or objects are created, providing important information about their genesis, significance, and evolution. Research is undertaken to deepen understanding of the historical context and assist in the decision-making process regarding preservation approaches. Assessment involves evaluating the cultural, aesthetic, social, and economic value of a resource to determine its significance.
Preservation efforts encompass physical interventions such as restoration, which aims to return a structure or object to its original condition as closely as possible, and rehabilitation, which adapts and upgrades a historic resource for contemporary use while preserving its historical and architectural features. Adaptive reuse, another preservation strategy, entails repurposing historic buildings or sites for functionalities other than their original intended purpose.
Overall, historic preservation seeks to celebrate and protect the tangible and intangible heritage of a community, fostering a sense of continuity, cultural identity, and appreciation for the past. It balances the need for progress and development with the need to safeguard the irreplaceable elements of our collective history.
The etymology of the word "historic preservation" can be understood by breaking it down into its constituent parts:
1. Historic: The word "historic" derives from the Latin word "historicus", which comes from the Greek word "historikos". It means "relating to history" or "pertaining to events or persons of the past". The term ultimately stems from the Greek word "istoria", meaning "inquiry" or "knowledge acquired by investigation".
2. Preservation: The term "preservation" comes from the Latin word "praeservare", which combines "prae" (before) and "servare" (to keep or guard). It conveys the act of protecting, conserving, or maintaining something in its existing state.