Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis (HNL) is a rare pathological condition characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and enlargement of lymph nodes. It is also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease, as it was first described by Kikuchi and Fujimoto in 1972. HNL predominantly affects young to middle-aged individuals, with a higher incidence in women.
The exact cause of HNL is unknown, although it is believed to have an association with viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus and Human Herpesvirus-6. HNL is characterized by swollen lymph nodes, usually in the neck region, accompanied by fever, night sweats, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include weight loss, joint pain, and skin rashes. In some cases, HNL may also cause hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver) and splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen).
Histopathological examination of affected lymph nodes reveals necrotic changes, infiltration of various immune cells, predominantly histiocytes and lymphocytes. However, the hallmark of HNL is the presence of crescent-shaped histiocytes, also known as "Kikuchi-Fujimoto cells," which are identified under a microscope.
The diagnosis of HNL is challenging, as it shares similarities with other conditions, such as lymphoma and tuberculosis. Clinicians may need to perform additional tests, including lymph node biopsy, to rule out these possibilities. Treatment of HNL aims at relieving symptoms and managing complications, as the condition typically resolves spontaneously within a few weeks to months. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are sometimes prescribed to alleviate symptoms.
In summary, Histiocytic Necrot
