HHNC is an acronym that stands for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Non-Ketotic Coma. It refers to a serious medical condition characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels without the presence of ketones in the urine. This condition typically occurs in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes.
During HHNC, blood glucose levels rise to dangerously high levels, which can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. In contrast to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a similar condition characterized by high blood sugar levels and the presence of ketones, HHNC is associated with a higher blood viscosity due to hyperosmolarity - excessive concentration of solutes in the blood.
The symptoms of HHNC often develop gradually over hours or days and include extreme thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness. If left untreated, HHNC can result in life-threatening complications such as kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and cerebral edema.
Treatment for HHNC typically involves hospitalization, as it requires careful monitoring and management of the individual's blood glucose levels, electrolyte balance, and fluid status. Intravenous fluids, insulin therapy, and correction of underlying metabolic disturbances are the mainstays of treatment. In addition, addressing any underlying causes or precipitating factors, such as infections or certain medications, is crucial in managing HHNC effectively.
In summary, HHNC is a potentially life-threatening medical condition characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels without ketones. It predominantly affects individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications.
