HFM, which stands for "hand, foot, and mouth," is a highly contagious viral infection commonly affecting infants and children. The term refers to a condition characterized by the appearance of small blisters, sores, or ulcers on the hands, feet, and inside the mouth. The disease is caused by the enterovirus, most commonly the Coxsackievirus A16, and occasionally other strains such as enterovirus 71.
The symptoms of HFM typically begin with a fever, sore throat, and decreased appetite. Within a day or two, small red spots or rashes resembling blisters may appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and around the mouth. These blisters often develop into painful sores that can make it uncomfortable for the affected individual to eat or swallow. Additional symptoms may include headache, body aches, and in some cases, a mild rash on the buttocks or genital area.
HFM is spread primarily through close contact with an infected person's respiratory droplets, saliva, or feces. It can also be transmitted through touching contaminated surfaces or objects. The virus is most contagious during the first week of illness, but it can still be spread for several weeks after symptoms resolve.
Treatment for HFM is mainly supportive and focuses on managing symptoms. This typically involves taking over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate discomfort and increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Good hand hygiene and following proper infection control practices, such as regular handwashing, can help reduce the spread of HFM. Most cases of HFM resolve within a week or two without complications, and serious complications are rare.
