Pronunciation: [hˈe͡ɪdʌk] (IPA) 
Heyduk is a Czech surname pronounced as [ˈhɛɪdʊk]. The first syllable is stressed, and the "h" at the beginning is aspirated. The "e" is pronounced as a short vowel sound, as in "bed", and the "y" is pronounced as a long vowel sound, like the "ee" in "bee". The "d" is a hard consonant, pronounced with the tongue touching the upper teeth. The final "uk" is pronounced as "ook" with a short "u" vowel sound.
Heyduk is a noun that refers to a traditional military costume worn by certain central European infantry units, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term originates from the Hungarian word "hegy" meaning mountain and "dukát" meaning ducat, which alludes to the quality and pride associated with this distinctive attire.
Typically, a Heyduk consists of a heavily decorated and braided jacket, often boasting bright and intricate embroidery, paired with ornamental pants and knee-high boots. The jacket usually features distinctive wide sleeves and a waist-length cut, which adds to its distinct appearance and functional design in combat. Additionally, Heyduks are often adorned with feathers or fur caps, making them even more visually striking and unique.
Heyduks were primarily worn by infantry units in central European armies, including those of Hungary, Croatia, and Austria. These soldiers were highly regarded not only for their combat skills, but also for their ceremonial role, as they often served as personal guards or royal escorts. The Heyduk uniform symbolized the rich heritage and sense of national identity of these units and represented a historical connection to their respective countries.
While the term Heyduk predominantly refers to the military uniform, it has also acquired a broader cultural significance and serves as a symbol of pride and tradition in the regions where it was historically worn. Today, the term Heyduk is often used to describe a historical military fashion style or to evoke nostalgia for the heyday of these celebrated infantry units.
The term "Heyduk" or "Hajduk" has its origins in the South Slavic languages, specifically in Croatian, Serbian, and Bulgarian. The word is derived from the Turkish "haydut", which means an outlaw, bandit, or rebel. The Turkish term itself came from the Persian "haydū", meaning a brigand or a robber.
During Ottoman rule in the Balkans, the local population often resisted and rebelled against the occupying forces. These rebels, who fought for their freedom and independence, were called "hajduks" or "heyduks". Over time, the term became associated with guerrilla fighters, outlaws, and individuals who fought against injustice and oppression.
Heyduks were seen as heroes by their communities, as they defended their people from Ottoman authorities and other oppressors.
