Herpetic facial paralysis, also known as Ramsay Hunt syndrome or herpes zoster oticus, is a medical condition characterized by the sudden onset of facial paralysis accompanied by a painful rash and other symptoms. It is caused by the activation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles, in the facial nerve.
When the VZV virus reactivates after a period of dormancy, it can invade the sensory nerves of the face, leading to inflammation and subsequent paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face. This results in a drooping or weakness of the affected side of the face, making it difficult to perform common facial movements such as smiling or closing the eye.
In addition to facial paralysis, individuals with herpetic facial paralysis may experience ear pain, difficulty hearing, vertigo, and a rash in or around the ear, mouth, or tongue. The rash is typically filled with fluid and can be painful, sometimes preceding the paralysis. Other symptoms may include loss of taste, increased sensitivity to sound, and ringing in the ears.
Treatment for herpetic facial paralysis often involves antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling. Pain management strategies, including over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers, may also be recommended. Physical therapy and facial exercises can help restore muscle function and prevent long-term complications associated with facial paralysis.
