Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, is a rare inherited disorder characterized by an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. It is caused by genetic mutations in genes that normally help to repair DNA damage in cells. HNPCC is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that only one copy of the mutated gene is necessary to develop the condition.
Individuals with HNPCC have a significantly higher lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer, as well as an increased risk of other cancers such as endometrial, ovarian, stomach, and urinary tract cancers. The age of onset for colorectal and other associated cancers is often earlier in people with HNPCC compared to the general population.
The diagnosis of HNPCC is usually made based on an individual's personal and family medical history, in addition to genetic testing to identify specific gene mutations associated with the condition. Genetic counseling is highly recommended for individuals who have a family history of HNPCC or have been diagnosed with the syndrome.
Management and treatment of HNPCC may involve increased surveillance with regular colonoscopies and other screening tests to detect cancer at an early stage. In some cases, preventive measures such as surgery to remove at-risk organs may be recommended. Additionally, family members of individuals with HNPCC may also undergo genetic testing and screening to identify those at risk and to implement appropriate preventative measures.
Overall, HNPCC is a hereditary condition associated with an increased risk of colorectal and other cancers. Early detection, genetic counseling, and surveillance can help manage the risk and improve outcomes for individuals with this condition.
