Hepatomas are malignant tumors that develop in the liver, specifically in the hepatocytes - the main functional cells of the liver, responsible for various metabolic processes. Hepatomas, also known as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), are the most common type of liver cancer.
Hepatomas often arise in individuals with underlying liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, they can also occur in individuals with no known predisposing liver conditions. Risk factors for developing hepatomas include a history of heavy alcohol consumption, exposure to certain toxins or chemicals, obesity, and genetic factors.
The symptoms of hepatomas may vary depending on the size, location, and stage of the tumor, but can include abdominal pain or discomfort, unintentional weight loss, loss of appetite, bloating, nausea, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, and weakness.
Diagnosis of hepatomas often involves medical imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as blood tests to assess liver function and identify tumor markers. A definite diagnosis is usually confirmed through a liver biopsy.
Treatment options for hepatomas depend on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. They may include surgical resection of the tumor, liver transplantation, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Prognosis for hepatomas varies widely and is influenced by the extent of tumor spread, response to treatment, and underlying liver function.
