Hepatitis B viruses (HBV) refer to a group of DNA viruses that primarily target the liver, causing a viral infection known as hepatitis B. These viruses belong to the Hepadnaviridae family and pose a significant public health concern globally. Hepatitis B viruses are highly infectious and can be transmitted through various routes, including sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing of contaminated needles, and from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.
Once the virus enters the bloodstream, it rapidly replicates within the liver, leading to liver inflammation and damage over time. Hepatitis B viruses can manifest either as acute or chronic infections. Acute hepatitis B infections typically resolve within six months, whereas chronic infections can persist for a prolonged period, possibly resulting in serious health complications such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.
Symptoms of hepatitis B infection may include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. However, it is important to note that some individuals infected with HBV may not display any symptoms, making it even more crucial to diagnose and treat the infection in a timely manner.
Prevention of hepatitis B viruses primarily involves vaccination, which is highly effective in providing immunity against the virus. Antiviral medications and interferon therapy are commonly used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infections. Additionally, adopting safe behaviors and following universal precautions, such as practicing safe sex and avoiding sharing drug paraphernalia, can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring or transmitting the virus.
