Hepatic obstruction, also known as biliary obstruction, refers to a medical condition where there is a blockage in the hepatic or biliary system. The hepatic system is responsible for the production and transport of bile, which aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats in the digestive process. When there is a hindrance in this system, bile flow is disrupted, leading to a buildup of bile in the liver.
This obstruction can occur at various points along the biliary tract, including the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, or even outside the liver. The blockage can result from a range of causes, such as gallstones, tumors, strictures, inflammation, infections, or certain liver diseases.
The symptoms of hepatic obstruction often include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like bile duct infection, liver abscesses, liver damage, or liver failure.
The diagnosis of hepatic obstruction typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and sometimes endoscopic procedures like ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC).
Treatment for hepatic obstruction depends on the underlying cause and severity of the obstruction. It may range from medication to dissolve gallstones, endoscopic procedures to remove or bypass the blockage, or surgical intervention if necessary. Managing symptoms and providing supportive care are also crucial aspects of treatment.
