Hemobilia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the bile duct system, which connects the liver, gallbladder, and small intestine. The term "hemobilia" is derived from the Greek words "hemo" meaning blood, and "bilia" referring to bile. It typically occurs as a result of an injury or trauma to the liver, bile ducts, or blood vessels in the liver region.
The most common cause of hemobilia is iatrogenic, meaning it is caused by medical intervention or procedures such as liver biopsies, gallbladder or liver surgeries, or interventional radiology procedures. Other causes include gallstones, liver tumors, liver infections, and vascular disorders like aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations.
Symptoms of hemobilia can vary depending on the severity, but commonly include upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and pale stools. In severe cases, there may be signs of significant blood loss, such as lightheadedness, fainting, or low blood pressure.
Diagnosis of hemobilia involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging), and, in some cases, endoscopic procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Treatment options for hemobilia depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Mild cases may resolve on their own, while severe cases often require nonsurgical or surgical interventions, such as embolization (blocking the bleeding vessel), bile duct repair, or liver resection.
In conclusion, hemobilia refers to the presence of
