Hematochezia is a medical term that defines the presence of fresh, bright red blood in the stool. It is commonly associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, which occurs when there is bleeding in the digestive tract. Hematochezia is different from melena, which refers to the condition wherein the stool appears black and tarry due to the presence of digested blood.
Hematochezia can be caused by several factors, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, gastrointestinal ulcers, and colorectal cancer. Certain medical conditions such as gastritis, esophagitis, or varices can also lead to hematochezia. In some cases, the bleeding may be minor and resolve on its own, while in other cases, it can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that requires medical intervention.
When a person experiences hematochezia, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the cause and rule out any serious issues. A healthcare provider may conduct a physical examination, review the patient's medical history, and order diagnostic tests such as blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy, or imaging studies to identify the source of bleeding. Treatment for hematochezia varies depending on the underlying cause, but may include medication, lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, or in some cases, surgical intervention.
In summary, hematochezia refers to the presence of fresh, bright red blood in the stool and is often associated with bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Prompt medical evaluation is crucial to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
