HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION TEST Meaning and
Definition
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Hemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI test) is a laboratory technique used to investigate the presence and specificity of antibodies against certain viruses or antigens in a biological sample, such as blood serum. This test is based on the principle of agglutination, a process in which particles or cells clump together in the presence of specific antibodies or antigens.
The HI test specifically assesses the ability of antibodies to inhibit the process of hemagglutination, which is the clumping of red blood cells. In this test, a sample containing antibodies is mixed with a virus or antigen that is capable of causing hemagglutination. Then, a standardized amount of red blood cells is added to the mixture. If the antibodies in the sample can neutralize or block the virus or antigen, hemagglutination will not occur, indicating the presence of specific antibodies against the virus or antigen in the sample. Conversely, if no inhibition occurs, hemagglutination will take place, indicating the absence of specific antibodies.
The HI test is a valuable tool in diagnosing and monitoring viral infections, particularly those caused by enveloped viruses such as influenza or certain strains of herpes. It allows for the determination of antibody titers, which indicate the concentration of antibodies present in the sample, providing information about an individual's immune response to the virus or antigen. Moreover, the HI test is used in vaccine development and evaluation to determine the effectiveness of vaccines in inducing the production of protective antibodies.
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