Helminths, also known as parasitic worms, are a group of multicellular organisms that belong to the animal kingdom. These worms can be found in various environments, including water, soil, and living hosts, where they establish a parasitic relationship. Helminths are classified into two major groups based on their morphological characteristics: nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (flatworms).
Nematodes are characterized by their cylindrical body shape, tapered ends, and a protective outer cuticle. They possess a complete digestive system and separate sexes. Common examples of nematodes include intestinal worms like roundworms and hookworms.
Platyhelminths, on the other hand, have a flattened body structure with bilateral symmetry. They lack a circulatory or respiratory system and absorb nutrients directly through the body wall. The two main types of platyhelminths are cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes). Cestodes are segmented worms that reside in the intestines of animals and absorb nutrients from the host's digestive system. Trematodes, on the other hand, are leaf-shaped worms that can infect various organs of their hosts, including the liver, lungs, and blood vessels.
Helminths have complex life cycles, often involving multiple hosts, where they complete different developmental stages. The presence of helminths in the host's body can cause various parasitic infections and diseases, ranging from mild discomfort to severe complications depending on the species, location, and intensity of the infection. Helminthiasis, the medical term for helminth infections, is a significant global health concern, affecting millions of people, particularly in areas with limited access to clean water, sanitation facilities, and adequate hygiene practices
