Helicobacter infection, also known as Helicobacter pylori infection, is a bacterial infection caused by the microorganism Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium can dwell in the stomach lining, causing various gastrointestinal conditions. It is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, affecting about half of the global population.
The infection is mainly transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food and water, as well as person-to-person contact. Poor sanitation and overcrowded living conditions increase the risk of acquiring Helicobacter infection. The bacteria have the ability to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing an enzyme called urease, which neutralizes stomach acid.
Once the bacterium enters the stomach, it can attach to the gastric mucosa, causing inflammation and damage to the lining. This can lead to various digestive disorders, including gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach or duodenum), and even stomach cancer in some cases.
Symptoms of Helicobacter infection may vary and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. However, some infected individuals may remain asymptomatic.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter infection often involves a breath test, blood test, stool test, or upper endoscopy with biopsy to detect the presence of the bacteria or the associated inflammation. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and other medications to eradicate the infection, relieve symptoms, and promote healing of the affected gastrointestinal tissues.
It is essential to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen, as untreated Helicobacter infection can lead to serious complications.
