HEART SEPTAL DEFECTS Meaning and
Definition
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Heart septal defects, also known as atrial or ventricular septal defects, are congenital abnormalities that occur when there is an abnormal opening or hole in the heart's septum, the muscular wall that separates the heart's chambers. These defects can occur in two different locations within the heart: between the two atria (atrial septal defects) or between the two ventricles (ventricular septal defects).
In the case of atrial septal defects, the hole exists between the two upper chambers of the heart, the left and right atria. This abnormal opening allows oxygenated blood from the left atrium to mix with the deoxygenated blood in the right atrium, causing a change in blood flow patterns. Ventricular septal defects, on the other hand, involve an abnormal opening between the two lower chambers of the heart, the left and right ventricles. This leads to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, putting increased strain on the heart and lungs.
Heart septal defects can range in size, with larger defects causing more significant symptoms and complications. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, poor growth, lung infections, and abnormal heart sounds. In some cases, septal defects close on their own or remain small and may not require treatment. However, larger defects often require medical intervention, such as surgical repair or catheter-based procedures, to close the hole and restore proper blood flow. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal heart function.
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