Healing or union by second intention, also known as spontaneous healing, is a term used in medical science to describe a natural, gradual process of wound closure or tissue repair without the use of surgical intervention or the use of sutures, staples, or other closure methods. It refers to the healing process that occurs when wound edges are not joined together to allow for natural tissue regrowth and closure.
When a wound is left open and allowed to heal by second intention, the body’s innate healing mechanisms are activated. In this process, the body starts to fill the wound with granulation tissue, a form of connective tissue that helps to close the gap. Over time, new blood vessels form, and the tissue gradually builds up from the base of the wound upward. The wound edges slowly contract until they finally meet and fuse together.
Healing or union by second intention is typically observed in larger or deeper wounds, such as ulcers, severe burns, or highly contaminated wounds that cannot be closed by primary intention methods. It is also commonly used in surgical procedures where the risk of infection is high. Although the healing process by second intention takes longer and usually results in a more noticeable scar, it is an effective method that promotes tissue regeneration, minimizes infection, and allows for the drainage of any potential fluid or debris buildup.
In conclusion, healing or union by second intention refers to the natural process of wound closure without surgical intervention, allowing the body's inherent healing mechanisms to gradually restore tissue and close the wound.
