Hay fever, also referred to as allergic rhinitis, is a common allergic reaction, mainly affecting the respiratory system, triggered by exposure to pollen or certain airborne substances. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms, typically occurring seasonally or when exposed to specific allergens. The condition primarily affects the nasal passages, sinuses, throat, and eyes, causing discomfort and irritation.
The symptoms of hay fever include sneezing, congestion, runny or itchy nose, watery or itchy eyes, coughing, and sore throat. In some cases, individuals may also experience fatigue, headaches, and disturbed sleep due to the discomfort caused by the symptoms. The severity of hay fever symptoms can vary, ranging from mild to severe, and can greatly interfere with daily activities and quality of life.
The immune system of individuals with hay fever reacts to allergens, such as pollen, by releasing histamine, a chemical substance that triggers the allergic response. Hay fever can be categorized into two types: seasonal, which occurs during specific times of the year when particular plants release pollen, and perennial, which persists year-round and is usually triggered by other allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, or mold spores.
Various treatment options are available to alleviate hay fever symptoms, including over-the-counter antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, and allergy shots. Avoiding exposure to allergens through measures such as keeping windows closed, using air purifiers, and wearing masks during high pollen periods can also be helpful.
