HASMONEAN KINGDOM Meaning and
Definition
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The Hasmonean Kingdom refers to a brief period in ancient Jewish history, spanning approximately from 140 BCE to 37 BCE. It was established by the Hasmonean dynasty, a Jewish priestly family that revolted against the Seleucid Empire, which had previously ruled over the region of Judea.
The Hasmonean Kingdom was primarily known for its reclamation of political and religious independence for the Jewish people. Under the leadership of figures such as Judah Maccabee and his brothers, the dynasty successfully conducted a guerilla war against the Seleucid forces and ultimately gained control over Judea.
During its existence, the Hasmonean Kingdom became a significant force in the region, expanding its influence and territorial boundaries. It encompassed not only Judea but also parts of Samaria, Galilee, and other neighboring regions.
The Hasmonean Kingdom also witnessed a series of political and religious conflicts. These conflicts were often centered around the tension between the traditional Jewish practices and the influences of Hellenistic culture. The rulers of the Hasmonean Kingdom typically held both political and religious leadership roles, combining the positions of king and high priest. This dual role occasionally led to power struggles and disagreements within the ruling family.
The Hasmonean Kingdom eventually came to an end when it was annexed by the Roman Republic, following a prolonged period of political instability. The annexation marked the beginning of Roman rule over Judea and the subsequent decline of the Hasmonean dynasty.
Etymology of HASMONEAN KINGDOM
The word "Hasmonean" derives from the name of a prominent Jewish family during the second century BCE. The Hasmonean dynasty, also known as the Maccabees, came to power after leading a successful revolt against the Seleucid Empire, which was ruling over the region of Judea (modern-day Israel). The name "Hasmonean" is believed to be derived from the Hebrew name "Hasmonai" or "Hasmon", which may have originally referred to a village or a particular ancestor of the family. The Hasmonean kingdom refers to the territory and rule of this dynasty, which lasted from 140 BCE to 37 BCE.
