The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy located in the Middle East, specifically in Southwest Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the northeast, Syria to the north, and Israel to the west. The capital and largest city is Amman.
The term "Hashemite" refers to the ruling dynasty of Jordan, tracing its origins back to Hashem, the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was established in 1921, with Abdullah I as its first king, following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
Jordan is known for its historical and cultural significance, boasting a rich heritage dating back to ancient times. The country holds numerous archaeological sites, including the Nabatean city of Petra and the ancient Roman ruins of Jerash. Moreover, it is home to the Dead Sea, a renowned natural wonder famous for its high salt concentration and buoyancy.
Politically, Jordan is recognized as a moderate and stable country in the region. A parliamentary government exists alongside the monarchy, with the King serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. The country plays a vital role in regional affairs and is respected for its diplomacy and peacemaking efforts.
Jordan's diverse population encompasses various ethnic and religious groups, with a predominant Arab population and a notable presence of Palestinians. The official language is Arabic, and Islam is the state religion, although it guarantees freedom of religion for all its citizens.
