The term "hard link" refers to a type of link that directly points to a physical file location in a computer's file system. The pronunciation of this term is /hɑrd lɪŋk/. The first syllable "hard" is pronounced as in the words "car" or "bar", while the second syllable "link" is pronounced as in the word "think". The "i" in "link" is pronounced as a short sound like "ih". Overall, this word's pronunciation captures the direct and solid nature of hard links in computer systems.
A hard link, in the context of computer science and operating systems, refers to a feature used in file systems that creates a reference, or link, between two or more files. Specifically, a hard link establishes a direct and permanent association between the data of multiple files, allowing them to be accessed through different paths or directory locations on a storage device.
Unlike symbolic or soft links, which are essentially pointers or aliases that reference another file by its pathname, hard links are direct references to the physical data stored on a storage device. They point to the same inode (index node) as the original file, which contains crucial file metadata like permissions, ownership, and timestamps. Hard links essentially share the same file data, size, and attributes, and any changes made to one file are reflected in all other linked files because they are essentially the same file.
Since hard links reference the same inode, they are indistinguishable from the original file. This means that no particular file in a hard link chain is considered the "original" file or the "target" file; they are all equal and interchangeable. If one of the linked files is deleted, the other files remain unaffected and accessible as long as at least one link still exists.
Hard links are commonly used in file systems to provide efficient and space-saving mechanisms for organizing and accessing files. They allow multiple filenames to represent a single file entity, enabling users to create logical associations of files without duplicating data or using excessive storage space.
The term "hard link" has its roots in the field of computer science. The word "link" refers to an association or connection between two objects, and in this context, it specifically refers to a connection between files or directories. The term "hard" differentiates it from another concept called a "soft link" or "symbolic link".
The "hard" in "hard link" indicates that the link is a direct pointer to the data on the storage device, pointing to the specific location of the file's data on the hard disk. It essentially creates multiple references to the same physical file, allowing it to be accessed through different filenames or directory paths. This is in contrast to a symbolic link, which is a file that refers to the pathname of another file or directory and acts as a shortcut or alias.