Hapu is a term that refers to a Maori social structure and kinship group in New Zealand. Hapu can be defined as a sub-tribe or sub-division within the larger Maori tribal structure known as an iwi. The word "hapu" itself translates to "pregnant" or "fruitful" in English, signifying the potential for growth, development, and future generations within the community.
A hapu is typically composed of several related families who share common ancestry, history, and land. These familial bonds are crucial in defining the structure and identity of a hapu and help to establish a sense of communal belonging, responsibility, and mutual cooperation. Each hapu is led by a designated leader or chief who guides and represents the collective interests of the group.
Hapu have traditionally played key roles in Maori society as political, economic, and social units. They often have their own distinct territorial boundaries, customs, and traditions that set them apart from other hapu and iwi. Additionally, hapu are responsible for the management and preservation of natural resources, such as land, rivers, forests, and coastal areas, within their territories.
While hapu relationships and structures have evolved over time due to various historical, cultural, and socio-political factors, they continue to hold great significance in contemporary Maori society. Hapu are important in matters such as land rights, resource management, cultural preservation, and decision-making processes. They serve as a vital foundation for Maori identity, connection to ancestral lands, and community cohesion in New Zealand.
