Halogens refer to a group of chemical elements that belong to Group 17 (Group VIIA) of the periodic table. The term "halogen" originates from the Greek words "halos" meaning "salt" and "gen" meaning "to create." Halogens include five elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
These elements share common characteristics, making them distinct from other groups of elements. They all have seven electrons in their outermost shell, resulting in high reactivity. Halogens are highly electronegative, meaning they have a strong ability to attract electrons when forming chemical bonds. Consequently, they are typically found in compounds bonded with other elements, such as metals.
Halogens are known for their vivid colors, strong odors, and toxic properties. They are often used in various industrial, medical, and household applications due to their unique properties. For example, chlorine is employed for water purification, disinfectants, and bleach, while fluorine is used in toothpaste, refrigerants, and non-stick coatings. Bromine finds utility in flame retardants, disinfectants, and photography. Iodine is commonly applied as an antiseptic, and astatine is primarily used in scientific research.
Overall, halogens possess valuable chemical properties and find extensive applications across different fields, while also being elements of biological importance.
