Pronunciation: [hˈalʌks] (IPA) 
The word "hallux" refers to the big toe or the first digit of the foot. It is derived from the Latin word "hallux" which also means the big toe. The spelling of "hallux" can be explained using the IPA phonetic transcription as /ˈhæl.ʌks/. The "h" and "x" are pronounced, while the "a" is short and the "u" is pronounced as "uh". The stress falls on the first syllable "hal", which is pronounced as in "halo".
The term "hallux" refers to the anatomical name of the big toe in humans and other primates. It is derived from Latin, where "hallus" means a large nail or big toe. The hallux is the largest digit of the foot and helps to provide balance and support during locomotion.
The hallux is characterized by several distinguishing features. It contains two phalanges, known as the proximal and distal phalanges, connected by the interphalangeal joint. This joint allows for flexion and extension of the toe, facilitating movement during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The hallux is connected to the metatarsal bone through the metatarsophalangeal joint, which enables it to pivot and bear weight.
The hallux plays a significant role in maintaining stability and balance while walking, as it provides a firm anchor against the ground. As the primary weight-bearing digit, it assists in distributing the forces exerted during locomotion. The flexibility and strength of the hallux contribute to overall foot functionality and are essential for proper gait biomechanics.
The hallux also serves as a reference point for medical assessments, as certain conditions or abnormalities related to the foot may specifically affect this digit. For instance, hallux valgus refers to the lateral deviation of the big toe, commonly known as a bunion, while hallux rigidus indicates stiffness and limited movement of the joint. Proper care and attention to the hallux are necessary for maintaining overall foot health and mobility.
The great toe, the first digit of the foot.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word "hallux" comes from Latin, specifically from the word "hallex" (also spelled "allex"). In Latin, "hallex" referred to the big toe.
