Pronunciation: [hˈe͡ə sˈampə͡l] (IPA) 
The spelling of "hair sample" in IPA phonetics is /hɛr ˈsæmpəl/. The first part of the word, "hair," is pronounced with the "air" diphthong, which is a combination of two vowel sounds: /ɛ/ and /ər/. The second part of the word, "sample," is pronounced with a short "a" sound, /æ/, and the stress falls on the first syllable. Together, these two words create a common phrase used for scientific testing, research, and analysis.
A hair sample refers to a small portion of hair that is collected and analyzed for various purposes, such as scientific research, medical investigations, forensic analysis, or drug testing. It serves as a valuable and non-invasive source of information, containing vital details about a person's health, genetics, or exposure to substances.
Hair samples are typically taken from the scalp, although other body hair, such as facial, chest, or leg hair, can also be used. The collection process involves the removal of a small bundle of hair follicles, which includes the roots, cortex, and cuticle layers. The sample is usually obtained using specialized tools to ensure accuracy and minimal damage.
Once collected, a hair sample can be subjected to different laboratory techniques and examinations. For instance, in forensic investigations, these samples can be tested for the presence of drugs, toxins, or other substances that might provide evidence or reveal exposure levels over a specific period. Hair analysis can also be used to determine an individual's nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, or to assess their overall health condition.
Moreover, hair samples can aid in genetic profiling. DNA sequencing from hair follicles can help identify individuals, establish familial relationships, or assist in criminal investigations by comparing samples to a known DNA database. Additionally, analyzing the isotopic composition of hair samples can provide insight into environmental factors, geographical origin, diet, or migration patterns.
Overall, hair samples play a crucial role in various scientific, medical, and forensic fields by providing valuable information about a person's health, genetics, or exposure history.
The etymology of the word "hair sample" can be understood by dissecting its individual components:
1. Hair: The word "hair" can be traced back to the Old English word "hǣr", which is believed to have common Germanic origins. This word has been used to refer to the covering of fine, thread-like strands that grow from the skin of humans and animals.
2. Sample: The word "sample" originates from the Latin word "exemplum", which means "example". Over time, it evolved through different languages and was eventually adapted into Middle English as "sample". In its current usage, "sample" refers to a small part or quantity taken to represent the whole.
When combined, the term "hair sample" refers to a small portion or quantity of hair used for analysis, examination, or testing.
