Haemoptysis is a medical term used to describe the coughing up and expectoration of blood that originates from the respiratory tract, particularly the lungs. The word is derived from the Greek terms "haima," meaning blood, and "ptysis," meaning spitting.
Haemoptysis can present as a symptom of various respiratory conditions, including infections, lung diseases, and tumors. When a person experiences haemoptysis, blood may be expelled from the mouth, mixed with saliva or phlegm, or appear as bright red streaks. The quantity of blood expectorated can range from small traces to significant amounts that may be alarming or life-threatening.
Several factors contribute to the occurrence of haemoptysis, including lung infections like tuberculosis, bronchitis, or pneumonia, as well as chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. Additionally, haemoptysis can be caused by pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, trauma to the chest, blood vessel abnormalities, or even violent coughing.
It is essential for individuals experiencing haemoptysis to seek immediate medical attention. A thorough evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause and establish an appropriate treatment plan. Diagnostic measures may include physical examinations, medical history evaluation, chest X-rays, sputum cultures, blood tests, bronchoscopy, or CT scans.
Treatment for haemoptysis aims to address the underlying cause. It may involve medication, antibiotics for infections, surgery to repair damaged blood vessels or remove tumors, radiation or chemotherapy for cancer, or procedures to control bleeding, such as bronchial artery embolization or laser therapy. The type of treatment depends on the individual's specific condition and severity of haemoptysis.
