Haemophilus influenzae type b, also known as Hib, is a Gram-negative bacterium that specifically refers to a serotype of the encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. Hib is one of the strains responsible for severe invasive infections, such as meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and epiglottitis, particularly in young children aged 5 and below. This bacterium was identified as a distinct type of H. influenzae in the 1930s.
Hib is transmitted through respiratory droplets from an infected individual to a susceptible person, who may contract the bacteria through inhalation. Once in the respiratory tract, it can colonize the nasopharynx, leading to either asymptomatic carriage or progression to invasion. The risk of severe infection is especially high in children, particularly those who have not received the Hib vaccine.
The introduction of the Hib vaccine has significantly reduced the burden of disease worldwide. The vaccine effectively stimulates the immune system to produce protective antibodies against the type b polysaccharide capsule present in Hib, preventing severe invasive infections associated with this bacterium.
Medical interventions primarily focus on early detection, prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics, and supportive care for complications such as meningitis or epiglottitis caused by Hib. Effective prevention strategies involve widespread vaccination and hygienic practices to minimize transmission, especially in susceptible populations, such as young children and individuals with weakened immune systems.
