HAEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Meaning and
Definition
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Haemolytic anemia, also known as hemolytic anemia, is a medical condition characterized by the accelerated destruction or breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream or within the organs. This condition can arise from various causes, including inherited disorders, autoimmune conditions, infections, medications, or exposure to certain toxins.
In a healthy individual, RBCs have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. However, in haemolytic anemia, the red blood cells are prematurely destroyed, resulting in a decreased number of circulating RBCs and a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, pallor (pale skin), shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and, in severe cases, heart failure.
Haemolytic anemia can be classified into two main types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic causes are related to abnormalities within the RBCs themselves, such as genetic mutations or defects in their structure. Extrinsic causes involve external factors that trigger the destruction of RBCs, such as immune-mediated reactions or physical damage to the cells.
Treatment options for haemolytic anemia depend on the underlying cause. It may involve addressing the underlying condition, such as infections or autoimmune disorders. In some cases, medications that suppress the immune system may be prescribed to reduce the destruction of RBCs. Blood transfusions or surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy) may be necessary in severe cases. Ultimately, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing and improving outcomes in individuals with haemolytic anemia.
Etymology of HAEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
The word "haemolytic" comes from the combination of two Greek roots, "haemo-" meaning blood and "lysis" meaning to break down or dissolve. "Anemia" is derived from the Greek word "anaimia", which means lack of blood. Therefore, "haemolytic anemia" refers to a condition where there is breakdown or destruction of red blood cells, leading to a deficiency of blood.
