The word "gybe" is a sailing term that is commonly spelled as "jibe" in American English. The reason for this spelling difference is because of the pronunciation of the word. In British English, the word is pronounced with a hard "g" sound as in "give" (IPA: ˈdʒaɪb). However, in American English, it is pronounced with a soft "g" sound as in "gin" (IPA: dʒaɪb). Therefore, the American spelling with a "j" reflects the true pronunciation of the word.
Gybe is a verb that refers to a nautical maneuver performed by a sailing vessel when changing the direction of its course by allowing the stern to crossover or pass through the wind. Also commonly spelled "jibe," this maneuver is typically executed in a zigzag pattern, known as tacking, as a means of changing the direction the vessel is sailing towards.
During a gybe, the mainsail is eased out as the bow of the vessel turns away from the wind, allowing it to pass through the vessel from one side to the other. This maneuver requires the crew to cross the stern of the boat to the opposite side, ensuring that the boom—the horizontal spar at the foot of the mainsail—sweeps over smoothly without causing damage or injury.
Gybing is often used when sailing downwind or at an angle to the wind. It is different from tacking, which is performed when the wind is coming from the opposite side, requiring the bow of the boat to cross through the wind instead.
This term is predominantly used in sailing and related contexts, and its meaning may not be familiar to individuals outside of the sailing community. Gybe is an essential skill for sailors to master, as it enables them to navigate different points of sail and adapt to changing wind directions.
To shift a boom sail from one tack to the other.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "gybe" in English is derived from the Dutch word "gijben" or "gijbenen", which means "to swing" or "to shift". It was later anglicized as "jibe" or "gybe". The term originated from sailing and nautical terminology, specifically referring to the act of shifting a fore-and-aft sail from one side of a vessel to the other as the wind changes direction. Over time, the word "gybe" has also been used metaphorically to describe a sudden change in direction or opinion.