Gumboro Disease Virus, also known as Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), is a highly contagious and immunosuppressive viral pathogen that affects young chickens, particularly those between the ages of three to six weeks old. It belongs to the family Birnaviridae and is the causative agent of Gumboro disease, which is named after the town in Delaware, United States, where the disease was first discovered in 1962.
Gumboro Disease Virus primarily targets the bursa of Fabricius, an organ in birds responsible for the production of B-lymphocytes - important cells involved in the immune response. As a result, the virus suppresses the chicken's immune system, making them more susceptible to other infections and diseases. Common symptoms include depression, decreased appetite, huddling, and increased mortality rates.
Disease transmission occurs through direct contact with infected birds, as well as indirect routes such as contaminated feed, water, or surfaces. The virus is highly resilient and can remain infectious in the environment for long periods, further facilitating its spread.
Prevention and control measures include strict biosecurity practices, vaccination, and appropriate management techniques. Vaccination is commonly performed to protect young chicks, as the disease can cause significant economic losses in the poultry industry, including decreased growth rates and mortality.
Overall, Gumboro Disease Virus is a viral pathogen that poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, requiring proactive measures to prevent and manage its impact.
