Guama virus is an emerging infectious disease caused by the Guama virus (GMAV), a member of the family Arenaviridae. It is primarily found in South and Central America, particularly in regions where certain rodents, such as cricetid and sigmodontine rodents, are prevalent. Guama virus belongs to the Tacaribe complex, which includes several other arenaviruses that can cause similar diseases in humans.
The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected rodents or their urine, droppings, or saliva. Another mode of transmission is via aerosolized particles originating from rodent excretions. It can also be transmitted through close contact with infected individuals, though this is less common.
The symptoms of Guama virus infection can vary widely, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to more severe manifestations, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and joint pain. In some cases, it may lead to more serious conditions such as meningitis or encephalitis. However, the majority of cases tend to be relatively mild, with low fatality rates.
Currently, there is no specific treatment for Guama virus infection. Supportive care, such as hydration and pain relief, is typically provided to alleviate symptoms. Prevention measures primarily focus on rodent control and avoidance of rodent-infested areas. Personal protective measures, such as wearing gloves and masks, are also recommended when working in environments that may be contaminated with rodent excretions.
Further research is underway to better understand the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and potential treatments or vaccines for Guama virus.
