GROIN VAULT Meaning and
Definition
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A groin vault is a type of architectural vaulting that forms when two barrel vaults intersect at right angles, creating a cross-shaped structure with four distinct sections or bays. Each bay of the groin vault is formed by the crossing of two barrel vaults, resulting in a ribbed pattern that enhances both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.
The construction of a groin vault involves the placement of sturdy stone or brick ribs along the diagonal lines formed by the intersection of the barrel vaults. These ribs not only provide support but also add an engaging visual element to the vaulted structure. The ribs transfer the weight and pressures evenly to the supporting piers or walls, allowing for the distribution of loads throughout the structure. In addition, groin vaults may include keystones at the intersections of the ribs to further enhance stability.
Groin vaults are commonly found in traditional architectural styles such as Romanesque and Gothic, as well as in medieval and Renaissance architecture. They are often used to cover large open spaces in structures like churches, cathedrals, or palaces, providing a visually striking and efficient way to span wide areas without the need for extensive supporting walls or columns.
The groin vault's inherent strength, impressive appearance, and versatility in accommodating various floor plans make it a popular choice in both historical and contemporary architectural design. Its ability to create a sense of grandeur, while maintaining functionality and structural stability, has contributed to its enduring presence in architectural history.
Etymology of GROIN VAULT
The etymology of the word "groin vault" can be traced back to the Middle English and Old French languages.
The word "groin" originated from the Old French word "groign" or "groin", which referred to the snout or muzzle of an animal. In architecture, the term was used to describe the meeting point or intersection of two barrel vaults or cross vaults. This intersection resembles the curvature and shape of a snout, hence the association with the word "groin".
The term "vault" comes from the Old French word "voute", from the Latin "volta", meaning an arched structure. In architectural terms, a vault refers to a structural element that forms a roof or ceiling by curving overhead.
