Great vessels transpositions, also known as transposition of the great arteries (TGA), is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal positioning of the major blood vessels that connect the heart's chambers and supply oxygenated blood throughout the body. In this condition, the aorta, which normally arises from the left ventricle, instead arises from the right ventricle, while the pulmonary artery, which typically originates from the right ventricle, arises from the left ventricle.
This anatomical abnormality leads to a complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, resulting in a lack of oxygen supply to the body's tissues. Without proper medical intervention, this condition is incompatible with life.
Babies born with great vessels transpositions usually present with severe cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin), respiratory distress, and poor feeding. Urgent medical attention is required to ensure survival.
The management of great vessels transpositions involves corrective surgery, typically performed in the first few weeks of life. During this procedure, the arteries are repositioned in their appropriate locations, allowing for proper oxygenation of the blood. If the surgical procedure is successful, the long-term prognosis for individuals with transposition of the great arteries is generally favorable.
Regular follow-up with a cardiologist is necessary to monitor the child's heart health and ensure proper growth and development. Medications, such as anticoagulants and diuretics, may be prescribed to manage any residual symptoms or complications that arise as a result of the condition.
