The term "graven images" refers to any engraved or carved statue, figure or symbol that is worshipped or venerated. The spelling of "graven" follows the common pattern in English where the past participle of "grave", meaning to carve or engrave, is formed by adding the suffix "-en" in combination with the consonant shift from "v" to "f". In IPA phonetic transcription, "graven" would be transcribed as [ˈɡreɪvən], with the stress on the first syllable and the final "en" pronounced as [ən].
Graven images refers to physical representations, especially statues or sculptures, of gods, deities, or important religious figures. The term is primarily derived from the biblical commandment in the Hebrew Bible, specifically the Ten Commandments, which states "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth." This commandment has played a significant role in shaping the beliefs and practices of several religious traditions.
The prohibition against graven images stems from the belief that the divine should not be represented through physical objects, as it may lead to worshiping false idols or replacing genuine spiritual connection with material symbols. The term "graven" pertains to carving or engraving, emphasizing the creation of a tangible, three-dimensional representation.
The concept of graven images has varied interpretations across different religious traditions, with some strictly adhering to the prohibition and avoiding any visual depictions of their deities or figures of worship, while others adopt more flexible interpretations. In some cases, graven images may be considered a form of idolatry and strongly discouraged, while in others, they may not carry the same negative connotations and can be used as devotional aids for believers without crossing into idol worship. The understanding and significance of graven images depend on the specific religious context and individual interpretation.
The term "graven images" originates from a combination of Old English and Middle English words.
The word "graven" comes from the Old English word "grafen", which means "to engrave" or "to cut". It is related to the Old Norse word "grafa" and the Old High German word "graban". The use of "graven" is a past participle form of the verb, indicating that something has been carved or engraved.
The word "images" is derived from the Middle English word "image" which comes from the Latin word "imago". "Imago" refers to a likeness, representation, or picture of someone or something.
When combined, "graven images" represents the concept of engraved or carved representations, typically referring to religious or idolatrous figures. The phrase is frequently mentioned in religious texts and often associated with the prohibition against idol worship in various religious traditions.