The spelling of the word "gravelled" may cause confusion for many English language learners. It is primarily used in British English while in American English, "graveled" is more common. The IPA transcription for "gravelled" is /ˈɡrævəld/. Note the doubling of the "l" at the end. This is because it is a past tense verb, and in British English, the double "l" is retained when adding suffixes. In American English, the spelling rules are slightly different, hence the difference in spelling.
Gravelled is a verb used primarily in British English and is the past tense and past participle of the verb "gravel." It is derived from the noun "gravel," which refers to small stones or pebbles.
In its literal sense, "gravelled" is used to describe the action of covering an area with gravel or spreading gravel on a surface. This can be seen in phrases such as "They gravelled the driveway" or "The path was gravelled for better traction." In this context, gravelled implies the act of applying or laying down gravel to create a gravelled surface.
Additionally, "gravelled" can be used metaphorically to describe a state of confusion, puzzlement, or being perplexed. When a person is described as being gravelled, it means they are mentally or emotionally perplexed, unable to understand or find a solution to a problem or situation. For example, "He was gravelled by the complexity of the math problem" or "The unexpected news left her completely gravelled."
In summary, "gravelled" can have both a literal and a metaphorical meaning. It can refer to the act of spreading gravel on a surface, or it can describe a state of confusion and puzzlement. The exact meaning of "gravelled" depends on the context in which it is used.
Covered with gravel.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "gravelled" comes from the verb "gravel". The term "gravel" has its roots in the Old English word "græfan", which means "to dig" or "to scrape". Over time, "græfan" evolved into "gravel", which originally referred to a type of loose, small stones or pebbles often found on riverbeds or beaches. In the figurative sense, the word "gravelled" is used to describe someone who is confused, puzzled, or at a loss for words, similar to feeling stuck or unable to move forward, like a wheel stuck in gravel. This metaphorical usage of "gravelled" arose in the 17th century and has since become a common expression in English.