Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is a highly devastating virus that affects grapevines, causing significant damage to vineyards worldwide. It belongs to the genus Nepovirus and the family Secoviridae. GFLV is predominantly transmitted through vegetative propagation methods such as grafting, but it can also spread through nematode vectors, primarily the dagger nematode (Xiphinema index) and the meadow nematode (Longidorus elongatum). This virus primarily affects grapevine cultivars, particularly Vitis vinifera, which includes commonly cultivated wine grape varieties.
Symptoms of grapevine fanleaf virus infection vary depending on the grapevine variety, age of the plant, and environmental conditions. Common symptoms include systemic chlorotic mottling on leaves, irregular leaf shape, reduced shoot growth, and stunted development, which severely impacts the productivity and quality of fruit. Additionally, infected plants may exhibit shortened internodes, leaf reddening, and curled tendrils. In severe cases, infected grapevines may even die.
Control of grapevine fanleaf virus is extremely challenging due to its wide host range, ease of transmission, and persistence in infected plants. Prevention is the most effective management strategy, involving the use of certified virus-free planting material and strict sanitation practices to avoid transmission through contaminated tools and machinery. Furthermore, the use of resistant grapevine rootstocks can help minimize the spread and impact of the virus. Despite ongoing research efforts, there is currently no cure for grapevine fanleaf virus, and infected plants usually need to be uprooted and destroyed to prevent further spread of the disease.
