Pronunciation: [ɡɹˈe͡ɪp mˈɪldjuː] (IPA) 
Grape mildew is a plant disease that affects grapevines, caused by a type of fungus. The word "grape" is pronounced /ɡreɪp/ in IPA, with the "ɡ" sound followed by the long "a" sound, then the "p" sound. The word "mildew" is pronounced /ˈmɪldjuː/ in IPA, with the stress on the second syllable and the "d" and "j" (as in "jam") sounds together. The spelling of "grape mildew" accurately reflects its pronunciation in English.
Grape mildew refers to a common fungal disease that affects grapevines, causing significant damage to the grapes and foliage. It is caused by different species of fungi, primarily Uncinula necator and Plasmopara viticola. Grape mildew is also known as powdery mildew or downy mildew, depending on the specific fungus responsible.
Powdery Mildew: This form of grape mildew is caused by Uncinula necator and typically appears as a powdery, white or gray fungal growth on the surface of the grapevine leaves, shoots, and berries. It thrives in warm and humid conditions and can stifle photosynthesis, reducing grape yield and quality. Infected berries often become discolored and shriveled.
Downy Mildew: Plasmopara viticola causes downy mildew in grapevines. It manifests as yellow or brownish oily spots on the grapevine leaves, eventually turning gray or purple. In severe cases, a white, cotton-like growth may develop on the underside of the leaves. Downy mildew can weaken the vine, leading to defoliation and reduced grape production.
Both forms of grape mildew can significantly impact the health and productivity of grapevines, leading to economic losses for grape growers. Control measures typically involve cultural practices such as pruning, canopy management, and vigilant monitoring of vineyards. Additionally, chemical fungicides may be used strategically to prevent and manage grape mildew outbreaks.
The term "grape mildew" is not a specific word with its own etymology. Instead, it is composed of two separate words: "grape" and "mildew".
- Grape: The word "grape" originated from the Old English word "grāp", which can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic word "krampuz". It has cognates in other Germanic languages like Old Frisian "grāpe", Middle Dutch "grape", and Old High German "grāba". Ultimately, the word can be traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root "*greb(h)-", meaning "hook" or "claw", likely referring to the way grapes cluster on the vine.
