Granular ophthalmia is a medical condition primarily affecting the conjunctiva, which is the thin and transparent tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. Also known as trachoma, it is a chronic infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Granular ophthalmia is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with infected individuals or objects.
The condition is characterized by the formation of small, granular patches or nodules on the conjunctiva. These granules are inflammatory in nature and may cause discomfort, itching, and irritation. Over time, repeated infections and scarring can lead to eyelid deformities, inward turning of the eyelashes, and eventually, vision impairment or blindness.
Granular ophthalmia mainly affects individuals living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions with limited access to healthcare. It is more common in developing countries, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene practices. Factors such as poor personal hygiene, lack of clean water, and proximity to infected individuals increase the risk of contracting and spreading the infection.
Treatment for granular ophthalmia typically involves the use of antibiotics, both topically and orally, to eliminate the infection. In severe cases or when scarring has already occurred, surgical interventions may be required to correct eyelid deformities or remove inward-turned eyelashes. Prevention strategies include ensuring proper hygiene practices, access to clean water, and community-wide efforts to control the spread of the infection.
