GRAFT VS TUMOR RESPONSES Meaning and
Definition
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Graft vs Tumor (GvT) Responses refer to the immune system's capacity to recognize and eradicate tumor cells as a result of a bone marrow or stem cell transplant. It is a phenomenon occurring when the grafted donor cells attack and destroy tumor cells present in the recipient's body.
GvT responses are primarily mediated by immune cells known as T lymphocytes or T cells. During the transplantation process, the donor's T cells are transplanted along with the bone marrow or stem cells. These T cells recognize the recipient's tumor cells as foreign or abnormal, leading to their destruction. GvT responses are a desirable outcome of transplantation since they can contribute to the elimination or control of cancer in the recipient.
The effectiveness of GvT responses depends on various factors including the type of transplant, the donor-recipient match, and the presence of HLA (human leukocyte antigen) disparities. A higher degree of HLA disparity between the donor and recipient can enhance GvT responses, but it may also increase the risk of graft-vs-host disease (GvHD), a complication where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's healthy tissues.
Researchers are actively studying GvT responses to enhance their clinical applications. Techniques like donor leukocyte infusions and the use of donor lymphocyte subsets are being explored to selectively stimulate GvT responses while minimizing the risk of GvHD.
In summary, GvT responses are immune responses observed after transplantation, in which the transplanted T cells attack and eliminate the recipient's tumor cells. Strategies targeting GvT responses hold promising potential in cancer therapy.
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