GPIO stands for General-Purpose Input/Output, and it refers to the set of pins or ports available on a microcontroller or computer hardware that allow for the interfacing of both input and output devices. GPIO pins can be used to either provide an output voltage signal or read an input voltage signal, thus providing a means of communication between the microcontroller or computer and external devices.
The GPIO pins are typically used to connect various electronic components and modules, such as sensors, displays, actuators, switches, and relays, to a microcontroller or computer system. By utilizing these pins, programmers and hardware enthusiasts can easily control and monitor external devices, enabling them to create interactive projects and systems.
The configuration and functionality of GPIO pins are software-controlled, allowing users to set each pin as either an input or an output pin. Input pins are used to read voltage levels or digital signals from external devices, while output pins are used to provide voltage levels or digital signals to control external devices.
GPIO pins usually support a wide range of voltage levels, including 3.3V or 5V, and they can be individually configured for both analog and digital signals. In addition, GPIO pins often have various features, such as pull-up or pull-down resistors, interrupt capabilities, and multiplexing options, which further expand their functionalities and applications.
In summary, GPIO refers to the versatile set of input/output pins available on microcontrollers and computer hardware that enable communication and control between the system and external devices.
