GORYEO DYNASTY Meaning and
Definition
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The Goryeo Dynasty, also known as the Koryo Dynasty, refers to a significant period in Korean history that lasted from 918 to 1392. It was named after the Goryeo kingdom, which ruled over the Korean Peninsula and parts of the northern regions during this time. The dynasty was established by Wang Geon, a skilled military commander.
The Goryeo Dynasty marked a period of socio-political and cultural advancements in Korea. It was characterized by a centralized government system, Confucianism as the dominant ideology, and extensive bureaucratic structures. The dynasty also experienced significant interactions with neighboring nations, particularly China and Mongolia, which influenced their art, literature, and governance systems.
One of the most distinguished aspects of the Goryeo Dynasty was its significant advancements in Buddhism. The dynasty saw the introduction of various Buddhist schools from China, which greatly influenced Korean Buddhism. Many renowned Buddhist temples and monasteries were built during this period and are recognized as national treasures in modern-day Korea.
However, the Goryeo Dynasty faced several challenges, including political strife, territorial disputes, and invasions from Mongol forces. Despite these hardships, the dynasty managed to retain its independence, fostering a unique sense of Korean identity. Eventually, a military general named Yi Songgye staged a coup, leading to the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty in 1392, which signified the end of the Goryeo Dynasty.
Etymology of GORYEO DYNASTY
The word "Goryeo dynasty" in Korean is "고려" (Goryeo), pronounced as "go-ryeo". The etymology of the word can be traced back to the name of the kingdom and dynasty, which was established in 918 AD and lasted until 1392 AD in the Korean Peninsula.
The name "Goryeo" is believed to have originated from the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo (or Koguryo) that existed from 37 BC to 668 AD. Goguryeo was one of the three main kingdoms of ancient Korea, along with Baekje and Silla. The name Goguryeo itself is composed of two parts: "Go" (meaning "high" or "lofty") and "Guryeo" (which is believed to have roots in an ancient language and was associated with the ruler of the kingdom).
