Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is one of the most common bacterial infections transmitted during sexual activity. Primarily affecting the genital area, gonorrhea can also spread to other parts of the body through oral, vaginal, or anal sex.
In males, symptoms of gonorrhea often include a burning sensation during urination, increased frequency or urgency to urinate, and a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis. Females may experience similar symptoms, along with pelvic pain, painful urination, and increased vaginal discharge. However, it is common for both males and females to exhibit no symptoms, making the infection difficult to identify without medical testing.
If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to severe complications in both males and females. In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may result in chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancies. In men, untreated gonorrhea can lead to epididymitis, a painful condition affecting the tube that carries sperm, and potential infertility.
To diagnose gonorrhea, doctors may conduct a physical examination and order laboratory tests to detect the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Treatment involves the administration of antibiotics to kill the bacteria and prevent further spread of the infection. Proper and consistent use of barrier methods during sexual activity, such as condoms, can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring or transmitting gonorrhea. Regular sexual health check-ups and open communication with partners are essential in preventing the spread of this sexually transmitted infection.
