Goniocraniometry is a branch of anthropology and forensic science that involves the measurement and analysis of angles and dimensions of the skull, particularly the facial region. It is derived from the combination of two Greek words, "gonio" meaning angle, and "cranium" meaning skull.
Goniocraniometry utilizes a set of specialized instruments, including a goniometer, calipers, and photographic techniques to measure various angles, lengths, and proportions of the skull. These measurements are then used to study and compare different human populations, determine racial or ethnic origins, and evaluate trends and variations in cranial morphology.
The primary aim of goniocraniometry is to provide objective and quantitative data that can be used in biological and forensic anthropology. It is often employed in identification processes, such as determining the age, sex, and ancestry of human remains. By comparing the cranial measurements of a set of remains to reference databases and established standards, goniocraniometry can assist in the positive identification of unknown individuals.
Moreover, goniocraniometry contributes to the examination of evolutionary, population, and ethnic studies. It aids in understanding craniofacial development, identifying differences between populations, and investigating the influence of genetic and environmental factors on cranial variation.
In summary, goniocraniometry is a scientific method employed in anthropology and forensic science to measure and analyze angles and dimensions of the skull. It provides valuable information for a range of applications, including forensic identification, population studies, and the understanding of cranial variation and development.
