Goniatites is a genus of extinct ammonoid cephalopods that lived from the Devonian to the Permian periods. The spelling of the word Goniatites is based on its pronunciation, which can be transcribed in IPA as /ɡoʊniətaɪts/. The initial "g" is pronounced as a voiced velar stop, followed by the diphthong "oʊ." The second syllable contains the reduced vowel "ə" and the consonants "n" and "t," while the final syllable is pronounced with the diphthong "aɪ" and the voiceless alveolar stop "t."
Goniatites are extinct marine mollusks that belonged to the class of cephalopods known as ammonoids. They existed from the Late Devonian to the end of the Permian period, approximately 390 to 250 million years ago.
Goniatites typically had a coiled, chambered shell that resembled a tightly wound spiral. These shells contained a series of chambers connected by a tube called a siphuncle. The animal inhabited the largest and final chamber, with the other chambers serving as buoyancy control and providing protection. As the animal grew, it would add new chambers to the shell, always living in the newest and largest chamber.
The outer surface of the goniatite shell was usually ornamented with various ridges, spines, or other patterns, which are used to identify and classify different species. These extinct mollusks ranged in size from a few centimeters to several dozens of centimeters in diameter.
The goniatites were highly successful and diverse organisms, with numerous species adapted to different habitats and conditions throughout their existence. They were important members of marine ecosystems, occupying various ecological niches, and likely played a role as both predators and prey.
Today, the study of goniatites is vital in paleontological research, as their fossilized remains provide valuable information about ancient marine environments, the evolution of mollusks, and the geological history of Earth.
In geol., a genus of the ammonite family, so called from the zigzag lines which mark the junctions of its chambers.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "Goniatites" is derived from the Greek words "gonia" meaning "angle" and "ammon" referring to the Egyptian god Amun (often depicted with ammonite shell-shaped horns). "Goniatites" literally translates to "angle of Amun" or "Ammon's angle". The term was coined by the French paleontologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1801, who named the extinct mollusk genus based on the distinctive internal chambers with an angular or folded shape found in their fossilized shells.