Golyardeys is a term originating from Middle English that refers to a social and artistic movement prevalent during the Middle Ages in Europe, particularly in England and France. It is derived from the Old French word "goliard," which means a wandering scholar or a medieval university student.
The golyardeys movement was characterized by its members, known as golyards, often being wandering poets, musicians, and jesters who would entertain noble households, taverns, and public spaces with their satirical songs, poetry, and performances. These artists were known for their humor and irreverence, often adopting an anti-establishment stance by mocking social conventions, religious authority, and the restraints of the feudal order.
Golyardeys content frequently revolved around themes of love, morality, and religious satire, employing a playful and often vulgar language that challenged societal norms and expressed dissent. Their performances were a form of social commentary, critiquing the political and religious systems of the time, and typically incorporated music, dancing, and witty wordplay.
Golyards often wore distinctive attire, such as colorful or patched clothing, hats adorned with bells, and carried instruments like lutes or tambourines to accompany their songs and performances. They traveled from one town to another, gaining patronage and living off the generosity of their audience.
Overall, golyardeys were essential figures in medieval European society, bringing humor, entertainment, and a critical voice to challenge the prevailing social, religious, and political structures of their time.
