Glossitis refers to a medical condition characterized by inflammation or irritation of the tongue. It occurs when the papillae, which are small bumps on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds, become swollen or irritated. This swelling can cause the tongue to appear red, smooth, and shiny. Glossitis can be acute, meaning it occurs suddenly and lasts for a short period, or chronic if it persists over a long time.
There are various underlying causes of glossitis. Some common factors include infections, allergic reactions, nutritional deficiencies (such as vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid), autoimmune disorders, irritants (like tobacco, alcohol, or spicy foods), certain medications, and underlying medical conditions like diabetes or an underactive thyroid. Symptoms of glossitis may include tongue pain, tenderness, or a burning sensation, difficulty chewing or swallowing, changes in taste sensation, and speech difficulties.
Treatment for glossitis depends on the cause. If an infection is the underlying factor, antibiotics or antifungal medications may be prescribed. Allergies or irritants may require avoiding or minimizing exposure to the triggering substances. Nutritional deficiencies can be addressed by improving the diet or taking supplements. In some cases, managing an underlying medical condition can alleviate the glossitis symptoms.
If symptoms persist or worsen, it is recommended to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can identify the cause of glossitis through a physical examination, medical history review, and possibly additional tests.
