Glomerulonephritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, which are the tiny blood vessels responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood. This inflammation can be acute, sudden, or become chronic and progress over time.
The condition usually arises as a result of an immune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the glomeruli, disrupting their normal functioning. This immune response can be triggered by various factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, or underlying genetic or hereditary conditions.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause, but commonly include blood in the urine (hematuria), proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine), edema (swelling), high blood pressure, decreased urine output, and fatigue. If left untreated or unmanaged, glomerulonephritis can lead to progressive kidney damage and eventually result in chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.
Diagnosis of glomerulonephritis involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and sometimes kidney biopsy to evaluate the extent of inflammation and assess the underlying cause. Treatment options aim to manage the symptoms, reduce inflammation, and slow down the progression of kidney damage. This may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and suppress the immune system, as well as dietary and lifestyle modifications to support kidney function.
Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals are essential for individuals with glomerulonephritis to manage the condition effectively and prevent further complications.
