GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE Meaning and
Definition
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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to the measurement of the volume of fluid that is filtered by the glomeruli (small filters in the kidneys) per unit of time. The glomeruli are clusters of tiny blood vessels called capillaries located in the kidneys, which play a crucial role in the filtration of blood. GFR is considered as a key indicator of kidney function, as it reflects the efficiency of the kidneys in removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood.
The glomerular filtration rate is typically measured in milliliters per minute (mL/min). It is determined by various factors, including the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries, the permeability of the filtration barrier, and the total surface area available for filtration. GFR can be calculated using various methods, such as the clearance of certain substances (e.g., creatinine or inulin) or estimating equations based on factors such as age, sex, and serum creatinine levels.
Healthy individuals typically have a GFR of around 90-120 mL/min, which is considered normal. A GFR below 60 mL/min over a period longer than three months is usually indicative of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, a significant decrease in GFR can lead to the accumulation of waste products in the body, resulting in various symptoms and complications related to kidney dysfunction. Therefore, measuring the glomerular filtration rate is a crucial diagnostic tool in evaluating kidney health and monitoring renal function.
