Glaucoma filtration implants, also known as glaucoma drainage devices or glaucoma shunts, are medical devices used in the surgical treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if left untreated.
Glaucoma filtration implants are designed to lower the intraocular pressure by creating a new drainage pathway for the aqueous humor – the clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye. These implants are typically made of a biocompatible material, such as silicone or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
The implant is surgically placed within the eye, with one end inserted into the anterior chamber and the other end positioned underneath the conjunctiva – the thin, transparent layer covering the white part of the eye. This allows the aqueous humor to flow from the anterior chamber into a small reservoir located beneath the conjunctiva, where it is absorbed by the surrounding tissues.
Glaucoma filtration implants function by bypassing the natural drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork, which may be damaged or ineffective in individuals with glaucoma. By providing an alternative route for fluid drainage, these implants help to regulate intraocular pressure and reduce the risk of optic nerve damage.
Glaucoma filtration implants are typically reserved for patients with advanced or refractory glaucoma, where other treatment options, such as medication or laser therapy, have been ineffective in managing the disease. The selection of a specific implant depends on various factors, including the severity of glaucoma, the patient's overall condition, and the surgeon's expertise. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are necessary after implantation to ensure proper functioning and control of intraocular pressure.
