The term "glandula thyroidea accessoria," also known as accessary thyroid gland, refers to an additional or extra thyroid gland that can be found in the human body. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated in the neck, responsible for secreting hormones that regulate various important bodily functions.
An accessary thyroid gland is a rare anatomical variation where an extra, smaller thyroid gland is present in addition to the primary thyroid gland. The glandula thyroidea accessoria is typically found in the vicinity of the main thyroid gland, though it may differ in size and location from person to person.
Although the accessary thyroid gland is usually present in conjunction with the primary gland, its function tends to be less significant. It generally shares the same physiological properties, secreting thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) into the bloodstream. These hormones play a crucial role in controlling metabolism, growth, and development.
While most individuals with a glandula thyroidea accessoria are asymptomatic and do not experience any health issues, in some cases, it may result in thyroid disorders or physiological abnormalities. These may include conditions such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, as the additional gland may affect the hormonal balance in the body.
Due to its rarity and potential implications, the presence of a glandula thyroidea accessoria is often of interest to medical professionals and is usually diagnosed through clinical examination, imaging techniques, or surgical exploration.
